Improvement in making fiber-faced paper



' A. W. ANDERSON. Making Fiber-Faced Paper.

No. 211,207. Patented 1an. 7,1879.

WITNEssEs i v INVENTOR Y ATTORNEY ER, WASHINGTON. D c- UNITED STATESPATENT CEEICE.

AXEL W. ANDERSON, OF BEDFORD, PENNSYLVANIA.

lMPROVEMEN'l IN MAKING FIBER-FACED PAPER.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 211,207, dated January7, 1879; application filed August 7, 1878.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known .that I, AXEL W. ANDERSON, of Bedford, in the county ofBedford and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and valuableImprovement in the Art of Making Fiber- FacedPaper and thelVIanufacturethereof; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear,and exact description of the construction and operation of the same,reference being had to the annexed drawings, making `a part of thisspecification, and to the letters and figures of reference markedthereon.

Figure l of the drawings is a representation of a plan view of apostage-stamp illustrating this invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view ofthe paper, showing the confused disposition of the bers forming thesurface. Fig. 3 is a sectional view, also enlarged, showing the bcrsembedded by their lower ends in the pulp, and having their superficialends raised to form a nap. Fig. 4. is an enlarged sectional view,showing the bers laid down and sized. Figs. 5 and 6 show a letterprinted on the paper before and after washing, the views being enlarged.i

This invention has relation to the manufacture of a paperhaving aninvisible, confused, fibrous character, whereby it is especially adaptedfor postage and other revenue stamps, bank-bills, checks, drafts, andother nancial or important papers.

The invention consists in the novel process of manufacture-to wit,embeddingin the pulp, on one or both sides thereof, a layer of bers, theouter ends of which are then raised in the form of a nap, confused, orintermingled by rotary brushes or other suitable means, and sized toform a surface for printing or writing, as hereinafter more fully shownand described.

The invention also consists in the paper manufactured under this processhaving a confused iibrous face and a iirm body or back, in which theinterior ends of the iibers are ernbedded in 'an `intimate and securemanner; and, further, in the printed stamp, bill, note, check, draft,bond, or ticket which is produced from this paper, all as hereinafterspecied.

In the accompanying drawings the construction of the paper isillustrated by enlarged views, which will aid in affording a clearunderstanding of the invention, the object of which is to provide apaper which, having once undergone the process of printing or writing,cannot, after washing or erasing, be restored to the original printed orwritten form, thereby affording a secret or defensive paper, thepeculiarity of which is not easily discovered, and which, when known,will serve as a warning and safeguard, because of the manifestimpossibility of restoration of the surface of the paper after it hasbeen tampered with.

The process of manufacture is as follows: The preparation of the pulp isnot different from that of any other ne paper until it is ready to passthrough the machine whereby it is converted into sheets. rIhen, as thepulp is spread, and while it is yet soft, fibers of silk or othersuitable tough material, which have been previously prepared by beingcut, carded, or otherwise loosened up, so that they will easilyseparate, are spread or scattered, by means of fans or otherwise, overthe pulp, which then passes under a roller, embedding the ,fiberssolidly into the body or back of the paper. The pulp now passes over theordinary wire screen, so that the surplus water will be taken from thepaper as completely as posssible, and the paper can be passed under asecond roller, providing th'e pressure eniployed is not too great. Thepaper is then acted upon by brushes ,made of wire or other suitablematerial having sufficient stiffness, and being of a clean character, sothat the paper will not be soiled. These brushes are usually arranged insets, and are so constructed and operated by suitable mechanism thatthey will rise and fall at very short intervals, and in this way raisethe fibers on the surface of the paper in the form of a nap, asindicated in an enlarged view in Fig. 3 of the drawings. The fibersafter the action of these rising and falling brushes or nappers nowstanding erect on its surface, the paper is passed over heated orcalendering rollers, so as to be nearly dried with the superficial endsof its fibers in this upright form. Then the paper is passed underbrushes having a horizontal rotary zigzag or irregular motion, wherebythe bers, which were before erect, will be bent down and thoroughlyconfused or intermingled.

The confusin g-brushes are preferably made small and circular, andarranged to revolve in different directions on vertical axes; but, ifthought proper, the brushes can be arranged on horizontal axes. f

Several sets of' brushes acting in succession upon the fibers as thepaper passes are advisable, in order to thoroughly confuse the fibers,laying them in so many and such varying directions that no regularity ororder can be perceived.

The paper has now a confused nap, and is ready to be sized. In thesizing some difference is observed, according to the use for which thepaper is designed, being light for postage and other revenue stamps, soas not to withstand too much moisture, While forbanlrnotes, drafts, andfinancial papers it should be Well sized, so as to withstand moisture asmuch as possible, scratching being the main test for this class ofpapers; or a spot or portions of the paper may be left Without sizing asa proof' of its genuine character. After the sizing'the confused nap islaid down, and, being clean or of' the color of thel paper is invisible.The fibers employed in this process may be of different1engths,'according to the character of the paper desired, and it isapparent that in the action of the lifting or napping brushes only theirsuperficial ends are raised, to be afterward llaid down in the confusedmanner stated, and sized, so that their deep or embedded ends are rootedin the base of the paper, forming a part thereof. The paper, therefore,can have a solid base Without bered character, so far as its under orback surface is concerned, this being the usual or preferred form ofmanufacture; but both sides of' the paper may be provided with thefibered surface if thought desirable. y

The paper, having been sized, is ready for Writing or printing, beingchiefiy adapted to the latter operation' for the production of stampsand printed bills and forms of nancial paper. The printing is done uponthe fibered surface, and it is apparent lupon the fibers in theirconf'used and irregular position, in which they are sized down, theletters, designs, or figures being produced, nevertheless, in a clearand perfect manner, and remaining in form until the paper is tamperedWith by Washin g, scratching, or erasing, When the fiber ends will bedisturbed. and move out of their normal position with those portions of'the printed marks which they carry. New, as these fibers together formor aid in forming the design, letter, or figure, because of' theirmarked portions, when in the original position in which they were sizeddown and printed upon, it is evident that af'ter the disarrangementWhich will inevitably occur in the erasing the figures, letters, ordesign will be so affected and marred that there will be direct evidenceof the tampering on the face of the paper; and it is also apparent thatthe fibers, having been carried or moved out of position with theirportions of the common design, cannot be rearrangedand put back intotheir original positions, so as to show a clean and perfect print.

IIaving described this invention, what l claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s-

1. In the manufacture of paper, the process of embedding fibers in thepulp, raising the ends of' the same from the rolled sheet in the form ofan upright nap, brushing the ber ends Vdown in different directions in aconfused manner, and sizing the surface thus formed, substantially asspecified.

2. A fibered paper having the inner or deep ends of the fibers embeddedin a pulp body, and the superficial ends of said 'fibrrs` irrregularlylaid and sized to form a fbered surface of confused character,substantially as specified.

3. A paper composed of pulp and fibers partly embedded therein andpartly exposed and laid down in a confused or irregular inanner withsize, to form the surface f'or printing or Writin g, substantially asspecified.

4. A revenue-stamp or financial bill or notev having its body of pulpand fibers embedded therein, and its face composed of the confusedsuperficial ends of said fibers laid down with size, and carrying theprinted letters, figures, or design, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim4 the above I have hereunto subscribed my nainein the presence of two witnesses.

AXEL WILLIAM ANDERSON.

Witnesses:

H. OSCAR KLINE, T. J. TROUT.

